Osteoarthritis yana nufin cututtukan da ke shafar haɗin gwiwa. Sakamakon tsarin dystrophic-degenerative, guringuntsi ya lalace a hankali kuma an maye gurbinsa ta hanyar girma nama. Tsarin pathological yana tare da ciwo, ƙayyadaddun motsi na haɗin gwiwa, rushewar ayyukansa, da nakasa mai tsanani. Kusan 10-25% na yawan jama'a suna fama da arthrosis. Bayan shekaru 80, kusan kowane mutum yana da rashin lafiya a cikin tsarin musculoskeletal. Mafi sau da yawa, cutar ta shafi mafi yawan haɗin gwiwar hannu (yatsu, hip, gwiwa, wuyansa). Amma wasu lokuta matakai na degenerative suna tasowa a cikin idon kafa da kafada.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar
Dalilai daban-daban suna haifar da matakai masu lalacewa a cikin jiki. Mafi mahimmanci su ne nakasassu na haifuwa na haɗe. Microtrauma na yau da kullum na gidajen abinci da cututtuka masu tsanani suna taimakawa wajen bayyanar arthrosis. Bayan lokaci, cutar da ba a kula da ita ta shiga wani mataki na yau da kullum tare da tashin hankali na yau da kullum.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban arthrosis sune:
- wuce haddi nauyi;
- rashin aiki na jiki;
- cututtuka na hormonal;
- atherosclerosis;
- rashin isasshen jini;
- cututtuka na endocrine;
- kwayoyin halitta predisposition;
- nauyi na yau da kullun da nauyi akan haɗin gwiwa (misali, a cikin masu ɗaukar nauyi ko kuma mutanen da sana'arsu ta ƙunshi ɗagawa da motsi masu nauyi).
A ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani abu mai ban sha'awa ko da yawa a lokaci daya, sel na guringuntsi sun fara rushewa. A hankali, guringuntsi ya zama mai laushi, ya zama ƙasa mai laushi, sa'an nan kuma ya zama an rufe shi da fasa kuma ya fadi. Kasusuwa a haɗin gwiwa sun fara shafa juna. Jiki yana ƙaddamar da tsarin ramawa, sakamakon abin da naman kashi ke tsiro a saman da ya lalace. A sakamakon haka, haɗin gwiwa ya zama mara aiki kuma ya zama maras kyau.
Nau'o'i
Arthrosis na iya zama na farko, wanda ya bayyana kansa, da kuma na biyu, wanda ke tasowa a sakamakon cututtuka, raunuka da nakasar haɗin gwiwa.
Dangane da haɗin gwiwa da ya shafa, cutar tana da sunanta:
- Gonarthrosis yana shafar haɗin gwiwa gwiwa.
- Coxarthrosis cuta ce ta haɗin gwiwa na hip.
- Spondyloarthrosis yana rinjayar fayafai na intervertebral na lumbar, cervical, da thoracic yankuna.
- Crusarthrosis ya haɗa da idon kafa a cikin tsarin pathological.
Idan 3 ko fiye da haɗin gwiwa sun shiga cikin tsarin degenerative, muna magana ne game da nau'i na gaba ɗaya. Idan akwai haɗin gwiwa 1-2, wannan shine arthrosis na gida.
Alamun
Da farko, tsarin degenerative yana faruwa ba a sani ba. Babu ƙwayoyin jijiya a cikin guringuntsi, don haka a farkon matakan ci gaba mai haƙuri bai ma san abin da matakai masu lalacewa suke faruwa a jikinsa ba. Alamun farko sun bayyana ne kawai shekaru da yawa bayan fara tsarin dystrophic-degenerative, lokacin da periosteum a ƙarƙashin guringuntsi ya ji rauni ko kumburi yana tasowa.
Da farko, akwai ciwo a cikin gaɓoɓin bayan an yi aiki mai tsanani. Da safe ko bayan dogon zama a hutawa, jin ƙanƙara da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi na rashin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana faruwa. Bayan ɗan gajeren dumi ko motsa jiki, duk alamu masu raɗaɗi suna ɓacewa. Saboda haka, mutane ba sa zuwa wurin likita, suna la'akari da wannan lamari ne na kowa. A halin yanzu, a farkon matakin ya fi sauƙi don dakatar da ci gaban arthrosis.
Bayan lokaci, duk alamun suna ƙaruwa. Zafin ya zama mai raɗaɗi kuma yana dawwama, yana hana ku barci da dare. Ciwon kai, jin taurin kai, rashin iya cikakken aiki ko gudanar da ayyukan gida yana ƙara dagula hankali. Raɗaɗi, karkatar da zafi a cikin gidajen abinci da tsokoki na kewaye suna ƙaruwa a cikin yanayin ruwan sama.
Mafi sau da yawa, arthrosis yana shafar haɗin gwiwa na ƙananan ƙafafu, don haka mutum yayi sauri ya gaji da tafiya, yana da wuya a gare shi ya hau matakan hawa ko kowane tsayi, tun da sakamakon lalacewa na guringuntsi nama, an kafa taurin haɗin gwiwa. Wani tafiya mara kyau yana tasowa saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali. Lokacin lanƙwasa haɗin gwiwa, ana jin sautin ɓarna mara daɗi yayin da sassan jikin bangon, ba tare da guringuntsi ba, suna shafa juna. Marasa lafiya suna ƙoƙarin iyakance motsi na haɗin gwiwa mara lafiya, don haka atrophy na tsoka yana tasowa akan lokaci. Suna raguwa a cikin girma, kuma tafiya ya zama mafi rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Idan arthrosis yana tasowa a cikin haɗin gwiwa na babba, wannan yana faruwa sau da yawa bayan raunin da ya faru ko kuma sakamakon ciwon daji na kullum. A wannan yanayin, haɓakar ƙashi yana bayyana akan yatsunsu, kuma hannaye suna zama murabba'i a siffar.
Alamun asibiti sun dogara da matakin ci gaban arthrosis:
- Sifili.
A matakin sifili, wani lokaci mutum yana damuwa da ɗan rashin jin daɗi. Binciken X-ray baya bayyana kowane canje-canje na lalacewa. - Elementary.
Lokacin tafiya na dogon lokaci, ƙananan jin zafi yana faruwa. Hoton X-ray yana nuna bayyanar ƙananan wuraren lahani na kashi tare da gefuna na saman sassan jiki. Lokacin lanƙwasa haɗin gwiwa, ana jin ƙarar murɗawa. - Sauƙi.
Da safe akwai zafi da taurin kai. Hoton X-ray yana nuna osteophytes (haɓaka kashi ɗaya) tare da gefuna na haɗin gwiwa, raguwar sararin haɗin gwiwa. - Matsakaici.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin mataki ana ɗaukar lalata. Kasusuwa da tsokoki suna ciwo akai-akai, musamman da dare. Hadin gwiwa ya kumbura kadan. Binciken X-ray yana nuna ma fi girman kunkuntar sararin haɗin gwiwa, haɓaka haɓakar ƙashi, da haɓakar ƙashi. - Mai nauyi.
A cikin mataki mai tsanani (nakasawa), ciwo mai tsanani yana faruwa, yana ƙaruwa tare da motsi. Lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin lanƙwasa haɗin gwiwa, ana jin wani mummunan rauni. Hoton x-ray yana nuna ƙuƙuwa mai kaifi na sararin haɗin gwiwa; osteophytes sun riga sun girma sosai wanda ya haifar da lalacewa na haɗin gwiwa da canji a cikin tsarinsa.
Bincike da magani
Likitan orthopedist, rheumatologist, da likitan tiyata suna da hannu wajen tantance nau'in da mataki na matakai na degenerative-dystrophic a cikin gidajen abinci. Bincike ya haɗa da daidaitattun gwaje-gwajen jini da na fitsari. Idan ya cancanta, ana gudanar da bincike na rigakafi da gwajin ruwa na intra-articular don kasancewar kamuwa da cuta. Ana gudanar da nazarin kayan aiki (MRI, duban dan tayi don gano canje-canje a cikin ƙananan periarticular da articular tissues, CT, x-ray don sanin canje-canje a cikin nama na kashi).
Jiyya
Ba za a iya dakatar da cutar gaba daya ba. Binciken lokaci da magani yana ba ku damar kula da motsinsa kuma ku hana ci gaban lalacewa.
Antispasmodics, NSAIDs, steroid blockades allura a cikin haɗin gwiwa, chondroprotectors, tsoka relaxants, bitamin da kuma ma'adinai hadaddun, kwayoyi don inganta trophism a shafa kyallen takarda, proteolysis inhibitors don rage rage halakar guringuntsi da kashi nama ana amfani da a matsayin magunguna a lura da arthrosis.
Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo mai tsanani da haɗin gwiwa mara ƙarfi ana ba da shawarar su sa kaset waɗanda ke gyara haɗin gwiwa a cikin matsayi na yau da kullun ta amfani da kaset ɗin m, orthoses, ƙwanƙwasa gwiwa na roba ko ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da sanduna ko sanda a matsayin tallafi.
Dole ne a tsara hanyoyin ilimin motsa jiki, waɗanda suka haɗa da UHF, tausa, maganin ozone, electrophoresis da phonophoresis tare da maganin kashe zafi, maganin maganadisu, acupuncture, kuzarin lantarki, darsonvalization, wanka na paraffin (idan babu kumburi).
A cikin matakai na gaba na arthrosis, lokacin da kyallen takarda sun riga sun lalace kuma gidajen haɗin gwiwa sun lalace sosai, hanya ɗaya kawai ita ce shiga tsakani:
- Arthroscopy tare da kawar da ci gaban kashi, kashin baya da maye gurbin wani ɓangare na guringuntsi da aka lalace.
- Endoscopy. Wannan shine maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa (gaba ɗaya ko sashi kawai) tare da haɗin gwiwar wucin gadi.
- Artodez. An rufe haɗin gwiwa kuma an gyara shi a wuri mai dadi. Da shigewar lokaci, filayen articular suna girma tare.
Rigakafi
Tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a mayar da haɗin gwiwar ku zuwa yanayin ilimin lissafi na al'ada, wajibi ne a dauki matakai a gaba don hana wannan cuta. Yana da mahimmanci a yi haka idan akwai tarihin iyali na lokuta na wannan cuta ko kuma idan kun kai shekaru sama da 40.
Rigakafin ya haɗa da kiyaye ma'auni na al'ada na jiki da motsa jiki na yau da kullum. Ya kamata a kula da cututtukan cututtuka da sauran cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa da sauri, hypothermia da tsayin daka da motsa jiki na gaggawa ya kamata a kauce masa. Mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari (ta hanyar shekaru, samun sana'a mai ban sha'awa, gado mara kyau) suna buƙatar bincika kullun su akai-akai ta amfani da x-ray.
Jiyya mai dacewa da dacewa kawai yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye haɗin gwiwa lafiya.